Aliyeanzisha kampeni ya 'Magufuli Baki' akimbilia TCRA

Mmalaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania (TCRA) imeombwa kufuatilia kwa makini  mawasiliano ya simu za mkononi ili kubaini watu wanaotumia mitandao hiyo  kinyume na sheria.

Ombi hilo limetolewa na mwanaharakati Lawrence Mabawa  jijini Dar es salaam wakati akizungumza na waandishi wa habari vitisho anavyopata kupitia simu ya mkoni baada ya kutambulisha kampeni yake ya ‘BAKI MAGUFULI’.

Kwa mujibu wa Mabawa, baadhi ya wananchi wameelewa vibaya kampeni hiyo na kufikia hatua ya kutoa maneno ya matusi na kejeli kwake.

Akifafanua lengo la kampeni yake, Mabawa amesema alimaanisha  kuwa Rais abaki na msimamo wake ambao kwa kiasi kikubwa unapeleka taifa la Tanzania mbele kimaendeleo, na si kama ambavyo watu hao wameichukulia.

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Wanawake watano wafariki kwa kuchomwa moto Tabora

Watu watano wamefariki dunia kwa kuchomwa moto na watu wanaosaidikiwa kuwa ni sungusungu katika kata ya Uchama wilayani Nzega mkoani Tabora.

 

Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Tabora, Aggrey Mwanri, amezitaka Kamati za Ulinzi na usalama ngazi ya mkoa na ile ya Wilaya ya Nzega kusitisha shughuli zote zilizokuwa zikifanywa na sungusungu katika kijiji hicho.

Mwanri amesema kuwa amechukua hatua hiyo baada ya sungusungu hao kutekeleza mauaji hayo ya watu watano ambao wote ni wanawake wakituhumiwa kuwa ni washirikina.

Akithibitisha kutokea kwa tukio hilo kamanda wa Polisi Mkoa wa Tabora, Wilbroad Mutafungwa amesema kuwa katika kuendelea kuchunguza tukio hilo jeshi hilo linawashikilia baadhi ya viongozi wa kijiji hicho ili kuweza kubaini waliotekeleza tukio hilo.

 

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JPM 'aipa tano' TCU kwa kufungia vyuo

Rais John Magufuli ameipongeza Tume ya Vyuo Vikuu Tanzania (TCU) kwa kuzuia udahili wa wanafunzi wote wa mwaka kwanza katika vyuo vikuu 19 na kuzuia udahili wa wanafunzi wa kozi 75 katika vyuo vikuu 22 kutokana na dosari zilizobainika wakati wa ukaguzi wa ubora vyuo hivyo uliofanyika Oktoba 2016.

Rais Magufuli ametoa pongezi hizo alipowasili jijini Dar es Salaam leo akitokea mkoani Dodoma ambapo akiwa katika eneo la Tegeta wilaya ya Kinondoni amezungumza na wananchi wa eneo hilo.

“Ndugu zangu nchi hii ilishakuwa kila kitu hewa hewa, tumegundua wafanyakazi hewa zaidi ya 19,500, kulikuwa na mikopo hewa ya wanafunzi, na naipongeza TCU kwa kufungia baadhi ya vyuo kudahili wanafunzi, nafanya yote haya kwa ajili yenu, nataka tuwe na nchi nzuri,” amebainisha rais Magufuli.

 Rais Magufuli ameahidi kuendelea kuchukua hatua mbalimbali za kukabiliana na kero na kuimarisha upatikanaji wa huduma kwa wananchi.“Mimi nitafanya kazi kwa nguvu zangu zote na kwa kumtanguliza Mwenyezi Mungu kwa ajili ya Watanzania wote hasa wanyonge ambao siku zote walikuwa wakionewa,” amesema rais Magufuli

Baadhi ya juhudi alizozitaja kufanyika tangu aingie madarakani ni pamoja na kuondoa ada kwa wanafunzi wa shule za msingi na sekondari, kuongeza mikopo ya wanafunzi wa vyuo vikuu kutoka shilingi bilioni 371 hadi kufikia shilingi bilioni 483, kukabiliana na vitendo vya rushwa na ufisadi na kulinda mali za umma hasa madini.

“Kwenye madini tumeibiwa sana, nchi yetu ni kati ya nchi zinazoongoza kwa kuibiwa, tumeibiwa kwa miaka 18, sasa imetosha,” amesisitiza rais Magufuli.

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Serikali yatangaza ajira 3,152 sekta ya afya

Wizara ya Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto leo imetangaza ajira 3,152 kwa ajili ya wahitimu wa kada mbalimbali za afya nchini.

Kwa mujibu wa tangazo lililotolewa na wizara hiyo, ajira hizo ambazo zinatolewa kwa kibali cha wizara ya utumishi na utawala bora, ni kwa ajili ya watumishi kutoka kada 33 za afya.

Baadhi ya kada zilizotangazwa ni pamoja na madaktari, wataalam wa maabara, wauguzi/wauguzi wasaidizi, matabibu wasaidizi, wataalam wa meno, wataalam wa afya ya mazingira, wataalam wa mionzi, wataalam wa takwimu za afya, makatibu muktasi katika sekta ya afya, wataalam wa usafi, washauri wa afya, wafamasia n.k

Ajira hizo zinawahusu wahitimu wote wenye sifa stahiki za kitaaluma na hazitawahusu wahitimu wenye umri zaidi ya miaka 45, wahitimu ambao tayari ni waajiriwa wa serikali au wa mashirika wanaolipwa na serikali, pia hazitawahusu watu wote ambao wamewahi kufanya kazi serikalini na kuacha.

Ujio wa ajira hizi, ni tulizo la nafsi kwa wahitimu ambao wamekuwa wakisubiri ajira serikalini kwa takriban miaka miwili tangu kuingia madarakani kwa serikali ya awamu ya tano, ambayo mwaka jana ilisitisha ajira kwa ajili ya kupisha zoezi uhakiki wa watumishi hewa.

Pia ajira hizo ni kuanza kwa utekelezaji wa mipango ya serikali kwa mwaka wa fedha 2017/18 ambapo mara kadhaa imekuwa ikiahidi kutoa ajira zaidi ya 50,000.

Waombaji wote wametakiwa kutuma maombi yao kabla ya Agosti 11 mwaka.

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Shilingi 180,000 za mjamzito zamtokea puani mganga mkuu

Waziri wa afya, Ummy Mwalimu amemsimamisha kazi mganga mfawidhi wa Kituo cha Afya Mlandizi, Stanley Mpola  kwa kushindwa kutekeleza majukumu yake.

Waziri Ummy ametoa agizo hilo alipotembelea kituo hicho cha afya kabla ya kukabidhi magari matatu ya kubebea wagonjwa, mawili yakiwa yametolewa na mbunge wa Kibaha Vijijini, Amoud Jumaa na moja likiwa ni ahadi ya Rais John Magufuli.

Akiwa katika kituo hicho waziri huyo alipewa malalamiko kutoka kwa mama mmoja aitwaye Salma Halfan aliyedai  kufanyiwa upasuaji katika kituo hicho na kutozwa  gharama ya vifaa vya upasuaji kiasi cha shilingi 180, 000.

Hata hivyo mganga huyo alimweleza waziri kuwa fedha hizo hazikutolewa katika kituo hicho bali mgonjwa huyo alipewa orodha ya vifaa akaenda kununua mwenyewe duka la dawa.

Hata hivyo Waziri Ummy alisema gharama za vifaa hivyo ni kubwa ukilinganisha na hali halisi ya upasuaji huku akiwatupia lawama watumishi wa afya kuwa hata maduka ya dawa wanayoelekeza wagonjwa wamiliki wake ni wao wenyewe.

" Tunajigamba huduma kwa wanawake wanaokwenda kujifungua ni bure, halafu nyie mnawachaji wanawake wajawazito, hii orodha mliyompa ni kweli vifaa vyote hivi hakuna, na hizi gloves 17 alizonunua ni za nini, ni kweli zinatumika zote,  hamna hata huruma, wanawake wajawazito mmewafanya mtaji, kuna haja gani ya kuja katika kituo cha afya wakati gharama zinazidi zile za hosptali binafsi," amesema Waziri Ummy.

Waziri huyo aliagiza apate orodha ya wauguzi wote waliokuwa zamu siku hiyo na waliomuhudumia mgonjwa huyo ili waweze kuchukuliwa hatua .

"Orodha yote ya waliohusika kumuhudumia mgonjwa huyu niipate kesho, nitarudi tena kuongea na watumishi, na huyu mama naagiza ahamishiwe hospitali ya rufaa Tumbi kwa usalama wake, mnaweza mkafanya lolote amekuwa jasiri kunieleza kero yake, na ole wake mtumishi wa afya atakayemfanyia kitendo kibaya mjamzito naahidi kula naye sahani moja," amesema Ummy.

"Alisema ilani ya uchaguzi ni pamoja na matibabu bure kwa wajawazito, watoto chini ya umri wa miaka mitano na wazeee wasiojiweza hivyo  serikali kwa kuhakikisha inatekeleza ilani yake haitamvumilia mtumishi yeyote wa afya atayeshindwa kutoa huduma bora za afya kwa wananchi."

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Ukosefu wa bangi wasababisha dharura kutangwazwa Nevada, Marekani

Maafisa katika jimbo la Nevada nchini Marekani wanachukua hatua za dharura kukabiliana na uhaba wa bangi.
Mahitaji yamekuwa ya juu tangu bangi ihalalishwe kwa matumizi ya kujiburudisha tarehe mosi mwezi huu.
Hii imetokana na ukosefu wa wauzaji wa autosha.
Sheria iliwapa wauzaji wa pombe ruhusa ya kuuza bangi lakini wengi hawatimizi mahitaja ya leseni kuweza kuuza bidhaa hizo.
Idara ya kodi katika jimbo hilo ilitangaza dharaua, inayomaanisha kuwa maafisa watachukua hatua za dharura kukabiliana na uhaba huo.

Mauzo ya karibu dola milioni 3 yalikadiriwa siku nne za kwanza baada ya matumizi ya bangi kuhalalishwa.

Nevada ilipiga kura ya kuhalalisha matumi ya bangi kwa burudani mwezi Novemba kufuatiu hatua kama hizo katika majimbo mengine.
Matumzi ya bangi kwa matibabu yameruhusiwa katika majimbo 25 ikiwemoi Nevada ambapo imehalalishwa tangu nwaka 2001.

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GEOGRAPHY U.E PAPERS SOLVED (PROF.MUSHALA)

COURSE NAME: PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

COURSE CODE:GE : 349

LECTURER: PROF.MUSHALA

TASK : SOLVED U.E 2 PAPERS OF 2014/2015-2015/2016

1. Discuss the Basic Roles and Responsibilities of a Project Manager in a project

Project Manager

The project manager is the person who is responsible for ensuring that the project team completes the project. The project manager develops the project plan with the team and monitors the team’s performance of project activities. It is also the responsibility of the project manager to secure acceptance and approval of deliverables from the project sponsor/ESC and stakeholders.

Roles and Responsibilities of a project manager

In summary

The role of the project manager encompasses many activities including:

• Planning and Defining Scope
• Activity Planning and Sequencing
• Resource Planning
• Developing Schedules
• Time Estimating
• Cost Estimating
• Developing a Budget
• Documentation
• Creating Charts and Schedules
• Risk Analysis
• Managing Risks and Issues
• Monitoring and Reporting Progress
• Team Leadership
• Strategic Influencing
• Business Partnering
• Working with Vendors
• Scalability, Interoperability and Portability Analysis
• Controlling Quality
• Benefits Realisation

Project Management typical Duties and Responsibilities of the manager

The primary challenge of the managing a project is to achieve all of the project goals while considering the predefined three project constraints – the scope, the time, and the budget.

First mile stone of a Project:
• Preparing and defining the project scope of work, financial plan, its goals and deliverables.
• Assigning responsibilities.
• Identifying the resources’ requirement.

During the project – Leading full-scale of project plans and executions:
• Managing all aspects of the project business plan and budget.
• Leading the operational, financial and technological aspects of projects based on timelines and work plans.
• Coordinating directly and indirectly with project staff to ensure successful completion of the project – Directing, supervising, supporting and coordinating the project team members/staff.
• Tracking project deliveries using project management tools.
• Managing the design of the project documents to monitor project performance and data stored.
• Resolving, tracing and escalating critical issues to minimize project risk factors.
• Preparing the QA of the project.
• Communicating intensively with clients, sub-contractors and vendors to establish cordial/effective working relationship.
• Reporting on project progress and communicated relevant information to superiors and company management.
• Performing the Provisional acceptance and final acceptance procedures.

End of Project:
• Ensuring that the financial issues finalized.
• Coordinating the lesson learned process.
• Followed up with clients to verify satisfaction.

Planning

Planning is an essential duty of a project manager. Determining what needs to be done, who is going to do it, and when it needs to be done are all part of the planning process. Keep in mind that planning is an iterative process that takes place throughout the life of the project.

Some key planning duties include...

• Define and clarify project scope
• Develop the project plan
• Develop the project schedule
• Develop policies and procedures to support the achievement of the project objectives

Organizing

Organizing is about setting up the project team's structure. A major driver in this aspect is the company's existing structure. Companies are usually set up as functional, matrix, or projectized organizations. When organizing your project, you will need to take the company's structure into account.

Some of the key organizing duties include...

• Determine the organizational structure of the project team
• Identify roles and positions
• Identify services to be provided by external companies
• Staff project positions

Leading

Leading refers to carrying out the project plan in order to achieve the project objectives. Leading the project is one of the more challenging aspects for new project managers because it involves a lot of "soft skills." Skills such as communicating clearly, team motivation, and conflict resolution.

Some key duties for leading projects include...

• Setting team direction
• Coordinating activities across different organizational functions
• Motivating team members
• Assigning work

Controlling

Controlling is all about keeping the project on track. Project control can be performed using a three-step process...

• Measuring: Checking project progress toward meeting its objectives
• Evaluating: Determining the cause of deviations from the plan
• Correcting: Taking corrective actions to address deviations

Some key controlling duties include...

• Defining project baselines
• Tracking project progress
• Project status reporting
• Determining and taking corrective actions

2.Outline the basic project execution activities  and explain the importance of each activity.

Top of Form

Bottom of Form

Project Execution Phase

The Project Execution Phase is the third phase in the project life cycle. In this phase, you will build the physical project deliverables and present them to your customer for signoff. The Project Execution Phase is usually the longest phase in the project life cycle and it typically consumes the most energy and the most resources.

To enable you to monitor and control the project during this phase, you will need to implement a range of management processes. These processes help you to manage time, cost, quality, change, risks and issues. They also help you to manage procurement, customer acceptance and communications.

The project management activities and templates which help you complete them are shown in the following diagram. Click the links below to learn how these templates help you to execute projects more efficiently than before

Activities

1.
Perform
Time
Management

2.
Perform
Cost
Management

3.
Perform
Quality
Management

4.
Perform
Change
Management

5.
Perform
Risk
Management

6.
Perform
Issue
Management

7.
Perform
Procurement
Management

8.
Perform
Acceptance
Management

9.
Perform
Communications
Management

10.
Performa
Phase Review

3. (a)What is project management?

Project management includes: Developing a project plan, which includes defining project goals and objectives, specifying tasks or how goals will be achieved, what resources are need, and associating budgets and timelines for completion Implementing the project plan, carefully to make sure the plan is being managed according to plan.

(b)Using specific examples outline the basic tenets in project management.

NB: Definition of tenet

A principle, belief, or doctrine generally held to be true; especially:  one held in common by members of an organization, movement, or profession.

7 Basic Principles of Effective Project Management

v  In summary

• Project structure
• Definition phase
• Clear goals
• Transparency about project status
• Risk recognition
• Managing project disturbances
• Responsibility of the project manager

Project Structure

Successful project managers always think in 3 dimensions:

Each question or problem that comes up within your project is due to a question or problem of quality, resources or time. Per definition these dimensions are exactly the typical restrictions of projects. So while making your decisions keep on asking yourself what they will mean for the quality, resources or timeline of your project.

But there are more ways to give your project a structure.

They can be deduced from the question you want to be answered:

What has to be done?

This question leads to the project structure plan. This plan consists of work packages which represent enclosed work units that can be assigend to a personal ressource (that means a person like you and me). Now the structure is given by these work packages and their special relations and interdependencies to each other.

When should something be done and in which order?

A flow chart is a powerful tool to visualize the starting point, the endpoint and the order of work packages in just one chart.

What is the status of the project?

You need a milestone plan to answer this question. Milestones define certain phases of your project and the corresponding costs and results. Milestones represent decisive steps during the project. They are set after a certain number of work packages that belong together in some kind. This series of work packages leads to the achievement of a sub-goal.

As project manager you must ask all of these questions and you should answer them as accurate as possible. Details must become the air you breathe. Details are crucial. The more details you can rely on the more assurance you will obtain during the planning process.

This increases the quality of your planning tremendously. You don’t have to be a visionary. But you can boost the quality of your predictions enormously by gathering as many details as you can. Try to tap every source you can.

And always keep in mind: a bad plan is better than no plan. Somebody who has no plan cannot adjust something. And somebody who doesn’t adjust anything cannot improve.

Definition Phase

The costs for modifications depend on the actual status of the project. At the beginning of your project you’ve probably just created a few drawings or calculations. Modifications would mean that one of your folks must do this work again. That’s annoying but it doesn’t really cost money at this point of time.

80% to 90% of the whole project costs are defined in the development phase. But this is exactly the same phase of the project where nearly no costs have been generated.

So you should be very accurate during this phase because it defines nearly all of the costs of your project. On the other hand it doesn’t cost you anything to adjust something in this phase.

Many project managers tend to start the execution of their working packages too early. This is a big mistake because researchers revealed a connection between the definition phase of a project and the success. The longer the definition phase of a project lasts the shorter is its processing time.

Even the quality of the project performance increases dramatically when project managers emphasize the definition phase.

Clear Goals

The project manager is responsible for the achievement of a commitment about the goals of the project between management and project team. These goals should always be defined SMART (specific, measurable, ambitious, realistic, time-bounden).

I don’t think that these terms need any further explanations.

It is daily grind for a project manager to be confronted with nebulous goals that means in most cases the goal is not clear at the beginning of the project.

So clarify your goals at first.

Even if the management of your organization wants you to start quickly and tries to play the situation down: don’t give an inch! At the end of your project nobody will ask you why your project has failed. You will be responsible project manager …

A good way to communicate your goals is a kick-off meeting with your folks in form of a workshop. This is a good opportunity to discuss your different plans and to break them down into more detailed work packages and appointments. Your team has the opportunity to partake in the project planning and you benefit from the expertise of your team.

While discussing the goals of your project you should think about what should be different after having finished the project. Which are the indicators that signalize that you have succeeded?

Transparency about the Project Status

Flow chart, structure plan and your milestone plan are useful tools to help you staying online. As project manager you must be able to present a short report about the status of the project to your principal at each point of time during the project. In such meetings you should be able to give a short overview about the costs, the timeline, and the achieved milestones.

Risk Recognition

Each project is confronted with a lot of risks. This is normal. Always keep in mind that your project is a unique endeavour with strict goals concerning costs, appointments and performance. The earlier you identify those risks the better you can avoid negative project developments. It’s the duty of the project manager to evaluate risks regularly.

Managing Project Disturbances

It is not very likely that you have enough personal capacity to identify each single risk that may occur. It would be sufficient if you could at least identify the big risks and develop specific strategies to avoid them. On the other hand you’re no visionary. But this is not necessary as long as you rely on your keen antennas in order to react instantly when something goes wrong. It’s essential to consider this and to expect and accept the problems that definitely WILL occur. Problems are the daily grind of a project manager. Accept this and be prepared.

Responsibility of the Project Manager

In most cases the manager of a project doesn’t have any managerial authority. On the one hand this means a big challenge to the social competence of project managers and it helps them a lot to develop even more social competence. On the other hand it is simply counterproductive because the success of a project strongly depends on the degree of managerial authority.

Giving managerial authority to a project manager means assigning the full responsibility for the success of a project to one person. Personified responsibility helps a project manager to identify with the project. It also motivates a lot because it represents the trust a management has into a certain person.

  Projects are temporary. You can’t consider a project to be that thing that you’re going to do every day for the rest of your career. Instead, it’s something that creates a particular product or service, and it has a clear end point. You might compare it to the creation of a syllabus or teaching a course. It has a finite beginning and end.

  Decide whether or not the project should happen. Not every project should be begun started. When you are beginning work on something, you want to determine if it’s a good use of your resources, what problem the project is trying to solve, and whether or not the project is the best way to fix it. I think that this is particularly hard in universities because we tend to originate our own projects rather than having them brought to us (more on this below). It can be very difficult to admit that what you’ve been wanting to do isn’t worth the time, money, and/or effort. But we have to be willing to call a spade a spade.

  Consider risks. If you’re going to tackle the project after all, you should analyze your potential risks. What events might derail the project? What are the likelihood of them happening? Working together to brainstorm what these things will help you plan for the events that seem most likely or severe. For example, your entire digital humanities project could be derailed by a server failure. For this reason, you should probably be obsessive about backup.

  Cost, time, and quality are co-dependent. In other words, once a project has been started, you can’t change its timeline without directly affecting its cost or quality. You can’t expect to get something done faster without either paying more or sacrificing some quality. This is why getting a plumber to your house at 10pm costs more than waiting for the next day. The same thing applies to any project you undertake with a team.

  Know what’s out of bounds. Determining what your project will not do is just as important as determining what it will since that can help prevent mission creep in the future.

  Develop a project plan with clear activities. At the beginning of a project, the size or scope of the task might seem overwhelming. (Ask anyone who’s ever tried writing a book!) However, breaking things into small and manageable chunks can help you eat that proverbial elephant. When working on a team, you should have these chunks start with a verb so your team members clearly know what you’re asking them to do.

  When making assignments, consider people’s interest as much as their skills and experience. Just because someone has a ton of experience designing websites doesn’t mean that it’s the only thing that he wants to do. Letting people choose how they want to be involved in the project allows them to develop personally as well as helping the project.

  Let the person taking an assignment set the due date. It can be hard to manage a project and not come off as an ogre at times. But one way to shed the Shrek this is to let those who are getting the assignments decide when they can complete them. Their estimates won’t always be 100% accurate, but they will not have the excuse of it being a deadline that is imposed on them. Moreover, getting a team member’s input helps them feel more connected to the project.

  There are lots of project management tools; just use what works for you. This is pretty self-explanatory and is the subject of this great thread at DHAnswers (see previous ProfHacker coverage here, here, and here). If post-its and emails work for your team, then go for it. If you need to use Basecamp and can get others to do so, that’s fine too. In the end, it’s not the tool so much as the relationships that count for being successful at a project. As our instructor said, “A fool with a tool is still a fool.”

  There can only be one. In a progressive, neo-liberal environment (read, university), we tend to want to let everyone get involved in decision making. In the end, however, you can’t really share project management duties. One person needs to be chief. But it also doesn’t have to be you all the time.

  Set meeting ground rules. It’s true that bad meetings are your fault—especially if you’re the project manager. Getting your team to agree collectively to how meetings will work will help things run smoothly in the future. And be sure to only hold meetings when they are necessary.

  Celebrate success. Since projects are finite, they will have an end…no matter how far off that might seem at present. When you get to this point, make sure that you figure out some way to celebrate the accomplishment. A celebration doesn’t have to cost a lot of money—or any—but recognizing others’ contributions and the completion of the goal is important.

4. Using specific examples explain the phrases of project cycle.

Project cycle management

The Project Life Cycle refers to a logical sequence of activities to accomplish the project’s goals or objectives. Regardless of scope or complexity, any project goes through a series of stages during its life.

v  In summary:

·         There is first an Initiation or Birth phase, in which the outputs and critical success factors are defined,

·         The second,  Planning phase, characterized by breaking down the project into smaller parts/tasks, an Execution phase, in which the project plan is executed, and

·         Lastly a Closure or Exit phase,  that marks the completion of the project.

In depth

1) Initiation

In this first stage, the scope of the project is defined along with the approach to be taken to deliver the desired outputs. The project manager is appointed and in turn, he selects the team members based on their skills and experience. The most common tools or methodologies used in the initiation stage are Project Charter, Business Plan, Project Framework (or Overview), Business Case Justification, and Milestones Reviews.

2) Planning

The second phase should include a detailed identification and assignment of each task until the end of the project. It should also include a risk analysis and a definition of a criteria for the successful completion of each deliverable. The governance process is defined, stake holders identified and reporting frequency and channels agreed. The most common tools or methodologies used in the planning stage are Business Plan and Milestones Reviews.

3) Execution and controlling

The most important issue in this phase is to ensure project activities are properly executed and controlled. During the execution phase, the planned solution is implemented to solve the problem specified in the project's requirements. In product and system development, a design resulting in a specific set of product requirements is created. This convergence is measured by prototypes, testing, and reviews. As the execution phase progresses, groups across the organization become more deeply involved in planning for the final testing, production, and support. The most common tools or methodologies used in the execution phase are an update of Risk Analysis and Score Cards, in addition to Business Plan and Milestones Reviews.

4) Closure

In this last stage, the project manager must ensure that the project is brought to its proper completion. The closure phase is characterized by a written formal project review report containing the following components: a formal acceptance of the final product by the client, Weighted Critical Measurements (matching the initial requirements specified by the client with the final delivered product), rewarding the team, a list of lessons learned, releasing project resources, and a formal project closure notification to higher management. No special tool or methodology is needed during the closure phase.

5. Describe with examples the usefulness of the logical framework in project planning

LFA, the Logical Framework Approach, is an instrument for objectiveoriented planning of projects. The method may also be used for analysis, assessment, follow-up and evaluation of projects. What the method is used for depends on the role of its users and their needs.

USEFULNESS OF LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

·         Make a dialogue possible between all parties involved (beneficiaries, implementers, decision-makers and financiers)

·         Offer a tool for the identification of problems and correct solutions to problems

·         Contribute to clarifying and concretising the project’s objectives and to specifying correct activities that are necessary to realise the objectives

·         Facilitate the production of follow-up reports and evaluations

·         Create a joint approach to the project, reducing complexity.

·         Ensure that the ownership of the project ends up with the partner in co-operation

·         Make the implementation of the project more efficient, reduce the amount of time required and make the project/programme sustainable.

·         Improve the conditions for relevance, feasibility and sustainability of projects and programs.

·         It ensures that fundamental questions are asked and weaknesses are analysed, in order to provide decision makers with better and more relevant information.

·         -- It guides systematic and logical analysis of the inter-related key elements which constitute a well-designed project.

·         -- It improves planning by highlighting linkages between project elements and external factors.

·         -- It provides a better basis for systematic monitoring and analysis of the effects of projects.

·         -- It facilitates common understanding and better communication between decision makers, managers and other parties involved in the project.

·         -- Management and administration benefit from standardised procedures for collecting and assessing information.

·         -- The use of LFA and systematic monitoring ensures continuity of approach when original project staff is replaced.

·         -- As more institutions adopt the LFA concept it may facilitate communication between governments and donor agencies. Widespread use of the LFA format makes it easier to undertake both sectoral studies and comparative studies in general.

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1.Describe using relevant examples the basic roles and responsibilities of a project manager in a specific  project.

THE ROLE

·         The person responsible for developing, in conjunction with the Project Sponsor, a definition of the project.

·         The Project Manager then ensures that the project is delivered on time, to budget and to the required quality standard (within agreed specifications).

·         He/she ensures the project is effectively resourced and manages relationships with a wide range of groups (including all project contributors).

·         The Project Manager is also responsible for managing the work of consultants, allocating and utilising resources in an efficient manner and maintaining a co-operative, motivated and successful team.

RESPONSIBILITIES

• ·         Managing and leading the project team.
• ·         Recruiting project staff and consultants.
• ·         Managing co-ordination of the partners and working groups engaged in project work.
• ·         Detailed project planning and control including:
• ·         Developing and maintaining a detailed project plan.
• ·         Managing project deliverables in line with the project plan.
• ·         Recording and managing project issues and escalating where necessary.

• ·         Resolving cross-functional issues at project level.
• ·         Managing project scope and change control and escalating issues where necessary.
• ·         Monitoring project progress and performance.
• ·         Providing status reports to the project sponsor.
• ·         Managing project training within the defined budget.

• ·         Liaises with, and updates progress to, project board/senior management.
• ·         Managing project evaluation and dissemination activities.
• ·         Managing consultancy input within the defined budget.
• ·         Final approval of the design specification.
• ·         Working closely with users to ensure the project meets business needs.
• ·         Definition and management of the User Acceptance Testing programme.
• ·         Identifying user training needs and devising and managing user training programmes.
• ·         Providing regular status reports to the IPSC Programme Board.

2 .Using relevant examples discuss the application of project risk analysis in a specified project.

What Is Risk Analysis?

Risk Analysis is a process that helps you identify and manage potential problems that could undermine key business initiatives or projects.

To carry out a Risk Analysis, you must first identify the possible threats that you face, and then estimate the likelihood that these threats will materialize.

Risk Analysis can be complex, as you'll need to draw on detailed information such as project plans, financial data, security protocols, marketing forecasts, and other relevant information. However, it's an essential planning tool, and one that could save time, money, and reputations.

When to Use Risk Analysis

v  Risk analysis is useful /applied in many situations: (APPLICATIONS)

• When you're planning projects, to help you anticipate and neutralize possible problems.
• When you're deciding whether or not to move forward with a project.
• When you're improving safety and managing potential risks in the workplace.
• When you're preparing for events such as equipment or technology failure, theft, staff sickness, or natural disasters.
• When you're planning for changes in your environment, such as new competitors coming into the market, or changes to government policy.

·         Risk assessment enables contracts to be fairly negotiated, bids to be submitted at the right price, and sensitivity to be appreciated.

·         Risk assessments also enable risk response and mitigation strategies to be expressed.

·         It can lead to discussion and clarification of the scope of project tasks, and missing work is often identified. As a result of the workshop, the project team reaches an improved awareness and understanding of the status of the whole project

·         Risk assessment—or allowing for uncertainty within estimates—helps set contingency levels, with a preferred level of risk, and gives the confidence level of outcome targets.

3. (a)What is a stakeholder?

A stakeholder is an individual who is affected by or who can affect a project's outcome. Stakeholders shape projects in the early stages, ensuring resources are available to contribute to project success, and provide insight regarding the probable reaction to a project's outcome, which facilitates project adjustments when necessary to win organizational support.

(b)Using illustrative examples explain the basic responsibilities of a stakeholder in a project.

The Stakeholder's Responsibilities

These depend on the position of the Stakeholder in the context of the project development and implementation but typically could include the following responsibilities:

• understanding the business rationale and ensuring that the project fits with the strategy for their area of business
• making their detailed requirements known
• committing the necessary resources to ensure the project is successful
• taking ownership of appropriate deliverables
• keeping informed of project progress and cascading information to others who need to know
• proactively establishing training and development requirements
• approving key project deliverables
• Identifying and resolving any project issues and risks, especially those associated with managing change during the transition phase.

4. Discuss the basic stages in a project cycle using specific examples .

5 Basic Phases of Project Management

Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI) defines project management as "the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements of a particular project." The process of directing and controlling a project from start to finish may be further divided into 5 basic phases:

1. Project conception and initiation

An idea for a project will be carefully examined to determine whether or not it benefits the organization. During this phase, a decision making team will identify if the project can realistically be completed.

2. Project definition and planning

A project plan, project charter and/or project scope may be put in writing, outlining the work to be performed. During this phase, a team should prioritize the project, calculate a budget and schedule, and determine what resources are needed.

3. Project launch or execution

Resources' tasks are distributed and teams are informed of responsibilities. This is a good time to bring up important project related information.

4. Project performance and control

Project managers will compare project status and progress to the actual plan, as resources perform the scheduled work. During this phase, project managers may need to adjust schedules or do what is necessary to keep the project on track.

5. Project close

After project tasks are completed and the client has approved the outcome, an evaluation is necessary to highlight project success and/or learn from project history.

Projects and project management processes vary from industry to industry; however, these are more traditional elements of a project. The overarching goal is typically to offer a product, change a process or to solve a problem in order to benefit the organization.

5. Explain using examples why stakeholders analysis is important while planning project.

‘Stakeholders’ can be defined as any individuals, groups of people, institutions or firms that may have a significant interest in the success or failure of a project (either as implementers, facilitators, beneficiaries or adversaries).

v  A basic premise behind stakeholder analysis is that different groups have different concerns, capacities and interests, and that these need to be explicitly understood and recognised in the process of problem identification, objective setting and strategy selection.

NB: This question is not full answered.

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